A region in the form of an equilateral triangle (in x-y plane) of height L has a uniform magnetic field B pointing in the +z-direction. A conducting loop PQR, in the form of an equilateral triangle of the same height L, is placed in the x-y plane with its vertex P at x = 0 in the orientation shown in the figure. At t = 0, the loop starts entering the region of the magnetic field with a uniform velocity v along the +x-direction. The plane of the loop and its orientation remain unchanged throughout its motion. [figure] Which of the following graph best depicts the variation of the induced emf (E) in the loop as a function of the distance (x) starting from x = 0?
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Answer
(1) [figure]
Solution
|E| = B dAdt = Bv dAdx, where A = area of the loop inside the field. At a distance s from x=0 the width of the field triangle s and that of the loop (x-s); overlap width (s, x-s).
0 < x < L: A 0x (s,x-s) ds = x24, so |E| x2 — grows linearly to L2 at x = L.
L < x < 2L: overlap is x-L s L, A x24 - (x-L)2, so dAdx x2 - 2(x-L).
This is L2 at x=L, zero at x = 4L3 (before 3L2) and -L at x = 2L: the emf reverses and its final magnitude is twice the value at x = L; then it drops to zero.
Only graph (A) shows this (zero crossing between L and 3L/2, final value about double the first extreme).
Answer: (A)