Breathing and Exchange of Gases · Question 31

Approximately seventy percent of carbon dioxide absorbed by the blood will be transported to the lungs

1. as bicarbonate ions
2. in the form of dissolved gas molecules
3. by binding to R.B.C.
4. as carbamino-haemoglobin.

The figure shows a diagrammatic view of human respiratory system with labels A, B, C and D. Select the option which gives correct identification and main function and / or characteristic. [Figure]

1. A - Trachea - Long tube supported by complete cartilaginous rings for conducting inspired air.
2. C - Alveoli - Thin walled vascular bag like structures for exchange of gases.
3. B - Pleural membrane - Surround ribs on both sides to provide cushion against rubbing.
4. D - Lower end of lungs - Diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration.

Which one of the following is the correct statement for respiration in humans?

1. Cigarette smoking may lead to inflammation of bronchi.
2. Neural signals from pneumotaxic centre in pons region of brain can increase the duration of inspiration.
3. Workers in grinding and stone-breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis.
4. About 90% of carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried by haemoglobin as carbamino-haemoglobin.

Which one of the following is a possibility for most of us in regard to breathing, by making a conscious effort?

1. One can breathe out air totally without oxygen.
2. One can breathe out air through Eustachian tube by closing both nose and mouth.
3. One can consciously breathe in and breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone, without moving the ribs at all.
4. The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air from them.

Bulk of carbon dioxide (CO2) released from body tissues into the blood is present as

1. bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs
2. free CO2 in blood plasma
3. 70% carbamino-haemoglobin and 30% as bicarbonate
4. carbamino-haemoglobin in RBCs.

A large proportion of oxygen remains unused in the human blood even after its uptake by the body tissues. This O2

1. acts as a reserve during muscular exercise
2. raises the pCO2 of blood to 75 mm of Hg.
3. is enough to keep oxyhaemoglobin saturation at 96%
4. helps in releasing more O2 to the epithelial tissues.

The figure given below shows a small part of human lung where exchange of gases takes place. Select the option which represents labelled part (A, B, C or D) correctly identified along with its function. [Figure]

1. D : capillary wall - exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place here
2. B : red blood cells - transport of CO2 mainly.
3. A : alveolar cavity - main site of exchange of respiratory gases
4. C : arterial capillary - passes oxygen to tissues

Listed below are four respiratory capacities (i – iv) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult. array|l|l|l| & Respiratory capacities & Respiratory volumes \ (i) & Residual volume & 2500 mL \ (ii) & Vital capacity & 3500 mL \ (iii) & Inspiratory reserve volume & 1200 mL \ (iv) & Inspiratory capacity & 4500 mL \ array Which one of the following is the correct matching of two capacities and volumes?

1. (ii) 2500 mL, (iii) 4500 mL
2. (iii) 1200 mL, (iv) 2500 mL
3. (iv) 3500 mL, (i) 1200 mL
4. (i) 4500 mL, (ii) 3500 mL

What is true about RBCs in humans?

1. They carry about 20-25 percent of CO2.
2. They transport 99.5 percent of O2.
3. They transport about 80 percent oxygen only and the rest 20 percent of it is transported in dissolved state in blood plasma.
4. They do not carry CO2 at all.

Which two of the following changes (i – iv) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)? (i) Increase in red blood cell size (ii) Increase in red blood cell production (iii) Increased breathing rate (iv) Increase in thrombocyte count Changes occurring are

1. (ii) and (iii)
2. (iii) and (iv)
3. (i) and (iv)
4. (i) and (ii)