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Excretory Products and their Elimination · Question 29

NEET 2013MCQMedium📈 Topic in 25% papers+4−1
1

Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristic and/or functions. [Figure]

  1. A - Adrenal gland - located at the anterior part of kidney. Secrete catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown.
  2. C - Medulla - inner zone of kidney and contains complete nephrons.
  3. B - Pelvis - broad funnel shaped space inner to hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle.
  4. D - Cortex - outer part of kidney and do not contain any part of nephrons.

Answer

(1) A - Adrenal gland - located at the anterior part of kidney. Secrete catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown.

Solution

A is the adrenal gland, which sits like a cap on the anterior (upper) part of each kidney.

As per NCERT, the adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), which stimulate the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) ⇒ statement (1) is correct.

(2) The medulla does not contain complete nephrons; Malpighian corpuscles, PCT and DCT lie in the cortex and only the loops of Henle dip into the medulla.

(3) The pelvis is the broad funnel-shaped space inner to the hilum, but it receives urine from the calyces (collecting ducts), not from the loops of Henle.

(4) The cortex contains the Malpighian corpuscles, PCT and DCT of the nephrons.

∴ Only option (1) is correct.

Answer: (1)

NEET 2013

Keep practising — Excretory Products and their Elimination

2

Select the option which shows correct matching of animal with its excretory organ and excretory product.

  1. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Labeo (Rohu) & Nephridial tubes & Ammonia \ array
  2. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Salamander & Kidneys & Urea \ array
  3. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Peacock & Kidneys & Urea \ array
  4. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Housefly & Renal tubules & Uric acid \ array
NEET 2013 (Karnataka)
3

Which one of the following options gives the correct categorization of six animals according to the type of nitrogenous waste they give out?

  1. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Pigeon, humans & Aquatic amphibia, lizards & Cockroach, frog \ array
  2. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Frog, lizards & Aquatic amphibia, humans & Cockroach, pigeon \ array
  3. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Aquatic amphibia & Frog, humans & Pigeon, lizards, cockroach \ array
  4. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Aquatic amphibia & Cockroach, humans & Frog, pigeon, lizards \ array
AIPMT 2012 (Mains)
4

A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates

  1. juxtaglomerular cells to release renin
  2. adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
  3. adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
  4. posterior pituitary to release vasopressin.
AIPMT 2012 (Mains)
5

The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70 – 80 percent) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?

  1. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
  2. Distal convoluted tubule
  3. Proximal convoluted tubule
  4. Descending limb of loop of Henle
AIPMT 2012 (Prelims)
6

Uricotelic mode of excreting nitrogenous wastes is found in

  1. reptiles and birds
  2. birds and annelids
  3. amphibians and reptiles
  4. insects and amphibians.
AIPMT 2011 (Mains)
7

Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid?

  1. Peritubular capillaries
  2. Convoluted tubules
  3. Collecting ducts
  4. Loop of Henle
AIPMT 2011 (Prelims)
8

Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of the human nephron?

  1. Podocytes : create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule
  2. Henle's loop : most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate
  3. Distal convoluted tubule : reabsorption of K+ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries
  4. Afferent arteriole : carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein.
AIPMT 2011 (Prelims)
9

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?

  1. When someone drinks a lot of water, ADH release is suppressed.
  2. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release.
  3. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II.
  4. During summer when body loses a lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed.
AIPMT 2011 (Prelims)
10

In which one of the following organisms its excretory organs are correctly stated?

  1. Humans :- Kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands
  2. Earthworm :- Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia
  3. Cockroach :- Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca
  4. Frog :- Kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium
AIPMT 2010 (Mains)
11

Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

  1. Descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water.
  2. Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO3-.
  3. Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.
  4. Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes.
AIPMT 2010 (Prelims)

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