Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

The sum of total number of carbonyl groups ( >C=O ) present in the major products X and Y in the following reactions is . [figure]

The reaction sequence given below is carried out with 16 moles of X. The yield of the major product in each step is given below the product in parentheses. The amount (in grams) of S produced is. [figure] Use: Atomic mass (in amu): H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Br = 80

Complete reaction of acetaldehyde with excess formaldehyde, upon heating with conc. NaOH solution, gives P and Q. Compound P does not give Tollens’ test, whereas Q on acidification gives positive Tollens’ test. Treatment of P with excess cyclohexanone in the presence of catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) gives product R. Sum of the number of methylene groups (-CH2-) and oxygen atoms in R is .

In the following reaction sequence, the major product P is formed. [figure] Glycerol reacts completely with excess P in the presence of an acid catalyst to form Q. Reaction of Q with excess NaOH followed by the treatment with CaCl2 yields Ca-soap R, quantitatively. Starting with one mole of Q, the amount of R produced in gram is . [Given, atomic weight: H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16, Na = 23, Cl = 35, Ca = 40]

Sum of number of oxygen atoms in S and T is .