Microbes in Human Welfare

Consider the following statements (A-D) about organic farming. Which of these statements are correct?

1. (B) and (C) only
2. (B), (C) and (D)
3. (C) and (D) only
4. (A) and (B) only

Which one of the following is a wrong matching of a microbe and its industrial product, while the remaining three are correct?

1. Acetobacter aceti – acetic acid
2. Clostridium butylicum – lactic acid
3. Aspergillus niger – citric acid
4. Yeast – statins

The most common substrate used in distilleries for the production of ethanol is :

1. Ground gram
2. Molasses
3. Soyabean
4. Corn meal

Which one of the following is not a biofertilizer ?

1. Agrobacterium
2. Nostoc
3. Rhizobium
4. Mycorrhiza

Secondary sewage treatment is mainly a :

1. Mechanical process
2. Chemical process
3. Biological process
4. Physical process

Which of the following is mainly produced by the activity of anaerobic bacteria on sewage ?

1. Propane
2. Mustard gas
3. Marsh gas
4. Laughing gas

An organism used as a Biofertilizer for raising soyabean crop is :

1. Azotobacter
2. Azospirillum
3. Nostoc
4. Rhizobium

Ethanol is commercially produced through a particular species of :

1. Clostridium
2. Trichoderma
3. Aspergillus
4. Saccharomyces

Continuous addition of sugars in 'fed batch' fermentation is done to :

1. obtain antibiotics
2. produce methane
3. purify enzymes
4. degrade sewage

Organisms called Methanogens are most abundant in a :

1. Polluted stream
2. Hot spring
3. Cattle yard
4. Sulphur rock

Which one of the following helps in absorption of phosphorus from soil by plants?

1. Glomus
2. Rhizobium
3. Frankia
4. Anabaena

An example of endomycorrhiza is -

1. Nostoc
2. Rhizobium
3. Glomus
4. Agaricus

Select the correct statement from the following:

1. Methanobacterium is an aerobic bacterium found in rumen of cattle
2. Activated sludge-sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria
3. Biogas, commonly called gobar gas, is pure methane
4. Biogas is produced by the activity of aerobic bacteria on animal waste

A common biocontrol agent for the control of plant diseases is –

1. Bacillus thuringiensis
2. Trichoderma
3. Glomus
4. Baculovirus

The common nitrogen-fixer in paddy fields is –

1. Azospirillum
2. Frankia
3. Rhizobium
4. Oscillatoria

Which one of the following is not used in organic farming ?

1. Earthworm
2. Oscillatoria
3. Snail
4. Glomus

Which of the following is a symbiotic nitrogen fixer?

1. Azotobacter
2. Frankia
3. Azolla
4. Glomus

Which one of the following pairs is wrongly matched?

1. Detergents – lipase
2. Fruit juice – pectinase
3. Alcohol – nitrogenase
4. Textile – amylase

Which of the following is not used as a biopesticide?

1. Bacillus thuringiensis
2. Trichoderma harzianum
3. Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)
4. Xanthomonas campestris

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in contemporary biology as -

1. Indicator of water pollution
2. Agent for production of dairy products
3. Source of industrial enzyme
4. Insecticide

Modern detergents contain enzyme preparations of

1. thermoacidophiles
2. thermophiles
3. acidophiles
4. alkaliphiles

Trichoderma harzianum has proved a useful microorganism for:

1. biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens
2. reclamation of wastelands
3. gene transfer in higher plants
4. bioremediation of contaminated soils

Which one of the following proved effective for biological control of nematodal disease in plants?

1. Pisolithus tinctorius
2. Paecilomyces lilacinus
3. Pseudomonas cepacia
4. Gliocladium virens

Probiotics are-

1. Cancer inducing microbes
2. New kind of food allergens
3. Live microbial food supplement
4. Safe antibiotics

Which one of the following pairs is wrongly matched ?

1. Methanogens – Gobar gas
2. Yeast – Ethanol
3. Streptomycetes – Antibiotic
4. Coliforms – Vinegar

Which one of the following statements is correct?

1. Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena and Nostoc are important mobilizers of phosphates and potassium for plant nutrition in soil
2. Both Azotobacter and Rhizobium fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules of plants
3. At present it is not possible to grow maize without chemical fertilizers
4. Extensive use of chemical fertilizers may lead to eutrophication of nearby water bodies

Curing of tea leaves is brought about by the activity of

1. fungi
2. bacteria
3. mycorrhiza
4. viruses

For retting of jute the fermenting microbe used is

1. methanophilic bacteria
2. butyric acid bacteria
3. Helicobacter pylori
4. Streptococcus lactis.

A free living nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium which can also form symbiotic association with the water fern Azolla is

1. Tolypothrix
2. Chlorella
3. Nostoc
4. Anabaena

Dough kept overnight in warm weather becomes soft and spongy because of :-

1. Cohesion
2. Absorption of carbon dioxide from atmosphere
3. Osmosis
4. Fermentation