Excretory Products and their Elimination · Question 27

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

1. Increase in aldosterone levels
2. Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels
3. Decrease in aldosterone levels
4. Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels

Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristic and/or functions. [Figure]

1. A - Adrenal gland - located at the anterior part of kidney. Secrete catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown.
2. C - Medulla - inner zone of kidney and contains complete nephrons.
3. B - Pelvis - broad funnel shaped space inner to hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle.
4. D - Cortex - outer part of kidney and do not contain any part of nephrons.

Select the option which shows correct matching of animal with its excretory organ and excretory product.

1. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Labeo (Rohu) & Nephridial tubes & Ammonia \ array
2. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Salamander & Kidneys & Urea \ array
3. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Peacock & Kidneys & Urea \ array
4. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Housefly & Renal tubules & Uric acid \ array

Which one of the following options gives the correct categorization of six animals according to the type of nitrogenous waste they give out?

1. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Pigeon, humans & Aquatic amphibia, lizards & Cockroach, frog \ array
2. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Frog, lizards & Aquatic amphibia, humans & Cockroach, pigeon \ array
3. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Aquatic amphibia & Frog, humans & Pigeon, lizards, cockroach \ array
4. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Aquatic amphibia & Cockroach, humans & Frog, pigeon, lizards \ array

A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates

1. juxtaglomerular cells to release renin
2. adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
3. adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
4. posterior pituitary to release vasopressin.

The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70 – 80 percent) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?

1. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
2. Distal convoluted tubule
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Descending limb of loop of Henle

Uricotelic mode of excreting nitrogenous wastes is found in

1. reptiles and birds
2. birds and annelids
3. amphibians and reptiles
4. insects and amphibians.

Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid?

1. Peritubular capillaries
2. Convoluted tubules
3. Collecting ducts
4. Loop of Henle

Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of the human nephron?

1. Podocytes : create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule
2. Henle's loop : most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate
3. Distal convoluted tubule : reabsorption of K+ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries
4. Afferent arteriole : carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein.

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?

1. When someone drinks a lot of water, ADH release is suppressed.
2. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release.
3. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II.
4. During summer when body loses a lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed.