The correct order of the rate of reaction of the following reactants with nucleophile by SN1 mechanism is : (Given : Structures I and II are rigid) [figure]
- I < II < III < IV
- II < I < III < IV
- III < I < II < IV
- IV < III < II < I
Answer
(2) II < I < III < IV
Solution
Rate of an SN1 reaction stability of the carbocation formed.
IV: Ph3C+ (trityl cation) is stabilised by resonance with three benzene rings fastest.
III: (CH3)3C+ is a planar 3° carbocation stabilised by hyperconjugation and +I effect.
I and II: Br is on a bridgehead carbon. A carbocation needs a planar (sp2) carbon, which a rigid bridgehead cannot attain these cations are very unstable and react very slowly.
II (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, one-carbon bridge) is more strained and further from planarity than I (bicyclo[2.2.2]octane) II is the slowest.
Order of rate: II < I < III < IV
Answer: (2)