Human Health and Disease

Which of the following sets of diseases is caused by bacteria ?

1. Herpes and influenza
2. Cholera and tetanus
3. Tetanus and mumps
4. Typhoid and smallpox

Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV ?

1. HIV is unenveloped retrovirus
2. HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase.
3. HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response
4. HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase

Which of the following immunoglobulins does constitute the largest percentage in human milk?

1. IgM
2. IgA
3. IgG
4. IgD

Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan?

1. Influenza
2. Babesiosis
3. Blastomycosis
4. Syphilis

Grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to -

1. Humoral immune response
2. Cell-mediated immune response
3. Passive immune response
4. Innate immune response

The active form of Entamoeba histolytica feeds upon

1. food in intestine
2. mucosa and submucosa of colon only
3. blood only
4. erythrocytes, mucosa and submucosa of colon

HIV that causes AIDS, first starts destroying

1. thrombocytes
2. leucocytes
3. helper T-lymphocytes
4. B-lymphocytes

Which is the particular type of drug that is obtained from the plant whose one flowering branch is shown below? [Figure]

1. Hallucinogen
2. Stimulant
3. Depressant
4. Pain-killer

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS ?

1. Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person.
2. When the infected retro virus enters host cells.
3. When HIV damages large number of helper T-Lymphocytes.
4. When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase.

Infection of Ascaris usually occurs by :

1. Tsetse fly
2. mosquito bite
3. drinking water containing eggs of Ascaris
4. eating imperfectly cooked pork

Identify the site where Wuchereria bancrofti is normally found on human body :

1. Blood vessels of the thigh region
2. Lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs
3. Muscles of the legs
4. Skin between the fingers

Which one of the following is a hallucinogenic drug?

1. Morphine
2. Opium
3. Caffeine
4. Lysergic acid diethylamide

Identify the molecules (a) and (b) shown below and select the right option giving their source and use. [figure]

1. Molecule (b) Heroin, Source Cannabis sativa, Use Depressant and slows down body functions
2. Molecule (a) Morphine, Source Papaver somniferum, Use Sedative and pain killer
3. Molecule (a) Cocaine, Source Erythroxylum coca, Use Accelerates the transport of dopamine
4. Molecule (b) Cannabinoid, Source Atropa belladonna, Use Produces hallucinations

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to immunity?

1. Rejection of a kidney graft is the function of B-lymphocytes.
2. Preformed antibodies need to be injected to treat the bite by a viper snake.
3. The antibodies against smallpox pathogen are produced by T-lymphocytes
4. Antibodies are protein molecules, each of which has four light chains.

Motile zygote of Plasmodium occurs in

1. Human liver
2. Salivary glands of Anopheles
3. Human RBCs
4. Gut of female Anopheles

Common cold differs from pneumonia in that

1. Pneumonia is a communicable disease whereas the common cold is a nutritional deficiency disease
2. Pneumonia can be prevented by a live attenuated bacterial vaccine whereas the common cold has no effective vaccine
3. Pneumonia is caused by a virus while the common cold is caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae
4. Pneumonia pathogen infects alveoli whereas the common cold affects nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs

Which one of the following is not a property of cancerous cells whereas the remaining three are ?

1. They do not remain confined in the area of formation
2. They divide in an uncontrolled manner
3. They compete with normal cells for vital nutrients
4. They show contact inhibition

Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of

1. Cocaine
2. Alcohol
3. Tobacco (Chewing)
4. Opium

Widal Test is carried out to test :

1. HIV/AIDS
2. Typhoid fever
3. Malaria
4. Diabetes mellitus

In which one of the following options the two examples are correctly matched with their particular type of immunity?

1. array|l|l| Examples & Types of immunity \ Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes & Cellular barriers \ array
2. array|l|l| Examples & Types of immunity \ Anti-tetanus and antisnake bite injection & Active immunity \ array
3. array|l|l| Examples & Types of immunity \ Saliva in mouth and Tear in eyes & Physical barriers \ array
4. array|l|l| Examples & Types of immunity \ Mucus coating of epithelium lining the urinogenital tract and the HCl in stomach & Physiological barriers \ array

Which one of the following options gives the correct matching of a disease with its causative organism and mode of infection?

1. Disease Pneumonia, Causative Organism Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mode of Infection Droplet infection
2. Disease Malaria, Causative Organism Plasmodium vivax, Mode of Infection Bite of male Anopheles mosquito
3. Disease Elephantiasis, Causative Organism Wuchereria bancrofti, Mode of Infection With infected water and food
4. Disease Typhoid, Causative Organism Salmonella typhi, Mode of Infection With inspired air

Common cold is not cured by antibiotics because it is:

1. caused by a Gram-positive bacterium
2. caused by a Gram-negative bacterium
3. not an infectious disease
4. caused by a virus

Where will you look for the sporozoites of the malarial parasite ?

1. red blood corpuscles of humans suffering from malaria
2. spleen of infected humans
3. Salivary glands of freshly moulted female Anopheles mosquito
4. Saliva of infected female Anopheles mosquito

Which one of the following acts as a physiological barrier to the entry of microorganisms in human body?

1. Epithelium of urogenital tract
2. Tears
3. Monocytes
4. Skin

A certain patient is suspected to be suffering from Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. Which diagnostic technique will you recommend for its detection?

1. ELISA
2. MRI
3. Ultra sound
4. WIDAL

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS?

1. When the infecting retrovirus enters host cells
2. When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
3. When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damages large number of these
4. Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person

Which one of the following techniques is safest for the detection of cancers?

1. Computed tomography (CT)
2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
3. Histopathological studies
4. Radiography (X-ray)

A person suffering from a disease caused by Plasmodium, experiences recurring chill and fever at the time when

1. the parasite after its rapid multiplication inside RBCs ruptures them, releasing the stage to enter fresh RBCs.
2. the trophozoites reach maximum growth and give out certain toxins
3. the sporozoites released from RBCs are being rapidly killed and broken down inside spleen
4. the microgametocytes and megagametocytes are being destroyed by the WBCs.

Ringworm in humans is caused by :

1. Fungi
2. Viruses
3. Bacteria
4. Nematodes

Widal test is used for the diagnosis of –

1. Tuberculosis
2. Malaria
3. Typhoid
4. Pneumonia