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Evolution · Question 75

AIPMT 2007MCQMedium📈 Topic in 75% papers+4−1
1

Which one of the following statements is correct?

  1. Ontogeny repeats phylogeny.
  2. There is no evidence of the existence of gills during embryogenesis of mammals.
  3. Stem cells are specialized cells.
  4. All plant and animal cells are totipotent.

Answer

(1) Ontogeny repeats phylogeny.

Solution

As per NCERT, embryological support for evolution was proposed by Ernst Haeckel based on features seen during the embryonic stage that are common to all vertebrates; e.g. embryos of all vertebrates, including human, develop a row of vestigial gill slits just behind the head. This is the biogenetic law: ontogeny (development of an individual) repeats (recapitulates) phylogeny (evolutionary history). (Karl Ernst von Baer noted that embryos do not pass through the adult stages of other animals.)

⇒ Statement (2) is wrong, since gill slits do appear in mammalian embryos.

⇒ Statement (3) is wrong, since stem cells are unspecialised (undifferentiated) cells.

⇒ Statement (4) is wrong, since only certain cells (meristematic cells, zygote, early embryonic cells) are totipotent, not all cells.

∴ The correct statement is (1).

Answer: (1)

AIPMT 2007

Keep practising — Evolution

2

Which one of the following is not a living fossil?

  1. Peripatus
  2. King crab
  3. Sphenodon
  4. Archaeopteryx
AIPMT 2006
3

An important evidence in favour of organic evolution is the occurrence of-

  1. Homologous organs only
  2. Homologous and vestigial organs
  3. Homologous and analogous organs
  4. Analogous and vestigial organs
AIPMT 2006
4

Which one of the following amino-acids was not found to be synthesized in Miller's experiment?

  1. Aspartic acid
  2. Alanine
  3. Glycine
  4. Glutamic acid
AIPMT 2006
5

The Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era is characterized by-

  1. Radiation of reptiles and origin of mammal-like reptiles
  2. Flowering plants and first dinosaurs appear
  3. Gymnosperms are dominant plants and first birds appear
  4. Dinosaurs become extinct and angiosperms appear
AIPMT 2006
6

Using imprints from a plate with complete medium and carrying bacterial colonies, you can select streptomycin resistant mutants and prove that such mutations do not originate as adaptation. These imprints need to be used -

  1. On plates with minimal medium
  2. Only on plates with streptomycin
  3. Only on plates without streptomycin
  4. On plates with and without streptomycin
AIPMT 2005
7

Which one of the following experiments suggests that simplest living organisms could not have originated spontaneously from non-living matter?

  1. Meat was not spoiled, when heated and kept sealed in a vessel
  2. Larvae could appear in decaying organic matter
  3. Microbes appeared from unsterilized organic matter
  4. Microbes did not appear in stored meat
AIPMT 2005
8

De Vries gave his mutation theory on organic evolution while working on -

  1. Althaea rosea
  2. Oenothera lamarckiana
  3. Pisum sativum
  4. Drosophila melanogaster
AIPMT 2005
9

There are two opposing views about origin of modern man. According to one view Homo erectus in Asia were the ancestors of modern man. A study of variation of DNA however suggested African origin of modern man. What kind of observation of DNA variation could suggest this?

  1. Variation only in Asia and no variation in Africa
  2. Similar variation in Africa and Asia
  3. Greater variation in Africa than in Asia
  4. Greater variation in Asia than in Africa
AIPMT 2005
10

Which one of the following phenomena supports Darwin's concept of natural selection in organic evolution?

  1. Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects
  2. Development of organs from 'stem' cells for organ transplantation
  3. Production of 'Dolly', the sheep by cloning
  4. Development of transgenic animals
AIPMT 2005
11

Which of the following is the relatively most accurate method for dating of fossils?

  1. Radio-carbon method
  2. Uranium-lead method
  3. Potassium–argon method
  4. Electron-spin resonance method
AIPMT 2005

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