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Evolution · Question 91

AIPMT 2004MCQMedium📈 Topic in 38% papers+4−1
1

What kind of evidence suggested that man is more closely related with chimpanzee than with other hominoid apes ?

  1. Evidence from fossil remains and the fossil mitochondrial DNA alone
  2. Evidence from DNA extracted from sex chromosomes, autosomes
  3. Comparison of chromosome morphology only
  4. Evidence from DNA from sex chromosomes only

Answer

(2) Evidence from DNA extracted from sex chromosomes, autosomes

Solution

Biochemical (molecular) evidence compares DNA base sequences of different organisms.

⇒ Comparison of DNA extracted from both the sex chromosomes and the autosomes shows about 98–99% similarity between man and chimpanzee, more than with gorilla or orangutan.

∵ Fossils, chromosome morphology alone or sex-chromosome DNA alone give only partial evidence.

∴ DNA from sex chromosomes and autosomes established the closest relationship of man with chimpanzee.

Answer: (2)

AIPMT 2004

Keep practising — Evolution

2

According to Oparin, which one of the following was not present in the primitive atmosphere of the earth ?

  1. Water vapour
  2. Oxygen
  3. Methane
  4. Hydrogen
AIPMT 2004
3

Diversification in plant life appeared

  1. By seed dispersal
  2. Due to abrupt mutations
  3. Due to long periods of evolutionary changes
  4. Suddenly on earth
AIPMT 2004
4

Convergent evolution is illustrated by:

  1. Bacterium and protozoan
  2. Rat and dog
  3. Dogfish and whale
  4. Starfish and cuttle fish
AIPMT 2003
5

Which one of the following sequences was proposed by Darwin and Wallace for organic evolution?

  1. Variations, natural selection, overproduction, constancy of population size
  2. Overproduction, constancy of population size, variations, natural selection
  3. Variations, constancy of population size, overproduction, natural selection
  4. Overproduction, variations, constancy of population size, natural selection
AIPMT 2003
6

Random genetic drift in a population probably results from

  1. Constant low mutation rate
  2. Interbreeding within this population
  3. Large population size
  4. Highly genetically variable individuals
AIPMT 2003
7

Industrial melanism is an example of :-

  1. Darkening of skin due to smoke from industries
  2. Defensive adaptation of skin against ultraviolet radiations
  3. Drug resistance
  4. Protective resemblance with the surroundings
AIPMT 2003
8

In a random mating population in equilibrium, which of the following brings about a change in gene frequency in a non-directional manner :-

  1. Selection
  2. Random drift
  3. Mutations
  4. Migration
AIPMT 2003
9

Darwin in his 'Natural Selection Theory' did not believe in any role of which one of the following in organic evolution ?

  1. Survival of the fittest
  2. Parasites and predators as natural enemies
  3. Discontinuous variations
  4. Struggle for existence
AIPMT 2003
10

Which one of the following describes correctly the homologous structures ?

  1. Organs with anatomical dissimilarities but performing same function
  2. Organs that have no function now, but had an important function in ancestors
  3. Organs with anatomical similarities, but performing different functions
  4. Organs appearing only in embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult
AIPMT 2003
11

In recent years, DNA sequences (nucleotide sequence) of mt-DNA and Y chromosomes were considered for the study of human evolution, because :-

  1. They are uniparental in origin and do not take part in recombination
  2. They can be studied from the samples of fossil remains
  3. Their structure is known in greater detail
  4. They are small, and therefore, easy to study
AIPMT 2003

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Class 12Human ReproductionReproductive HealthEvolutionHuman Health and DiseaseBiotechnology: Principles and ProcessesBiotechnology and its ApplicationsBiology Experimental Skills