A cell having an emf and internal resistance r is connected across a variable external resistance R. As the resistance R is increased, the plot of potential difference V across R is given by
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Answer
(3) [figure]
Solution
Current: I = R + r
V = IR = RR + r = 1 + rR
At R = 0, V = 0; as R increases V rises and approaches when R r (never exceeding it).
So V increases from zero and saturates at ε.
Answer: (3)