At 298 K, the standard electrode potentials of Cu2+/Cu, Zn2+/Zn, Fe2+/Fe and Ag+/Ag are 0.34 V, -0.76 V, -0.44 V and 0.80 V, respectively. On the basis of standard electrode potential, predict which of the following reaction cannot occur?
- CuSO4(aq) + Zn(s) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
- CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
- FeSO4(aq) + Zn(s) ZnSO4(aq) + Fe(s)
- 2CuSO4(aq) + 2Ag(s) 2Cu(s) + Ag2SO4(aq)
Answer
(4) 2CuSO4(aq) + 2Ag(s) 2Cu(s) + Ag2SO4(aq)
Solution
A metal with lower (more negative) E displaces the metal ion of higher E from its solution, i.e. E cell = E cathode - E anode > 0.
(1) E cell = 0.34 - (-0.76) = +1.10 V ⇒ occurs.
(2) E cell = 0.34 - (-0.44) = +0.78 V ⇒ occurs.
(3) E cell = -0.44 - (-0.76) = +0.32 V ⇒ occurs.
(4) E cell = 0.34 - 0.80 = -0.46 V ⇒ negative, so Ag cannot reduce Cu2+; the reaction cannot occur.
Answer: (4)