CN- is a strong field ligand. This is due to the fact that
- it carries negative charge
- it is a pseudohalide
- it can accept electrons from metal species
- it forms high spin complexes with metal species.
Answer
(2) it is a pseudohalide
Solution
CN- is a pseudohalide ion: it behaves like a halide ion (e.g. HCN, AgCN, (CN)2 resemble HX, AgX, X2).
As a pseudohalide ion it is a strong coordinating ligand: it forms a bond by donating the lone pair on carbon to the metal, and a bond by accepting metal d electrons into its vacant * orbitals (back bonding).
This strong metal-ligand bonding produces a large crystal field splitting ( o), so CN- stands near the strong end of the spectrochemical series and forms low spin complexes.
A negative charge alone does not make a ligand strong field (F-, Cl- are weak field ligands), and strong field ligands give low spin, not high spin, complexes.
Answer: (2)