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Evolution · Question 57

AIPMT 2012 (Prelims)MCQMedium📈 Topic in 75% papers+4−1
1

Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution ?

  1. Convergent evolution Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita & Divergent evolution Eyes of octopus and mammals
  2. Convergent evolution Eyes of octopus and mammals & Divergent evolution Bones of forelimbs of mammals and vertebrates
  3. Convergent evolution Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita & Divergent evolution Wings of butterflies and birds
  4. Convergent evolution Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates & Divergent evolution Wings of butterfly and birds

Answer

(2) Convergent evolution Eyes of octopus and mammals & Divergent evolution Bones of forelimbs of mammals and vertebrates

Solution

Convergent evolution gives analogous structures (different origin, similar function); divergent evolution gives homologous structures (same origin, different functions).

As per NCERT, the eyes of octopus and of mammals, and the wings of butterfly and of birds, are analogous ⇒ convergent evolution.

Forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetah and human share similar anatomical structure (same bones) ⇒ homologous ⇒ divergent evolution.

Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita are homologous, i.e. divergent evolution, so options (1) and (3) are wrong; option (4) reverses the two.

Answer: (2)

AIPMT 2012 (Prelims)

Keep practising — Evolution

2

What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man ( Homo sapiens) from his ancestors ?

  1. Upright posture
  2. Increasing cranial capacity
  3. Shortening of jaws
  4. Binocular vision
AIPMT 2012 (Prelims)
3

The extinct human who lived 1,00,000 to 40,000 years ago, in Europe, Asia and parts of Africa, with short stature, heavy eyebrows, retreating foreheads, large jaws with heavy teeth, stocky bodies, a lumbering gait and stooped posture was :

  1. Neanderthal human
  2. Homo habilis
  3. Cro-Magnon humans
  4. Ramapithecus
AIPMT 2012 (Prelims)
4

What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man ( Homo sapiens) from his ancestors ?

  1. Upright posture
  2. Shortening of jaws
  3. Binocular vision
  4. Increasing cranial capacity
AIPMT 2011 (Prelims)
5

Given below are four statements (A-D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements.

  1. C - (i) vestigial, (ii) anatomical, D - (i) mutations, (ii) multiplication
  2. D - (i) small variations, (ii) survival, A - (i) convergent
  3. A - (i) convergent, B - (i) oxygen, (ii) nucleosides
  4. B - (i) water vapour, (ii) amino acids, C - (i) rudimentary, (ii) anatomical
AIPMT 2010 (Mains)
6

The most apparent changes during the evolutionary history of Homo sapiens are traced in

  1. Remarkable increase in the brain size
  2. Walking upright
  3. Loss of body hair
  4. Shortening of the jaws
AIPMT 2010 (Mains)
7

Darwin's finches are a good example of –

  1. Convergent evolution
  2. Connecting link
  3. Industrial melanism
  4. Adaptive radiation
AIPMT 2010 (Prelims)
8

In the case of peppered moth ( Biston betularia) the black-coloured form became dominant over the light-coloured form in England during industrial revolution. This is an example of -

  1. Natural selection whereby the darker forms were selected
  2. Protective mimicry
  3. Inheritance of darker colour character acquired due to the darker environment
  4. Appearance of the darker coloured individuals due to very poor sunlight
AIPMT 2009
9

Which one of the following pairs of items correctly belongs to the category of organs mentioned against it?

  1. Nephridia of earthworm and Malpighian tubules of cockroach - excretory organs
  2. Wings of honey bee and wings of crow - homologous organs
  3. Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita - analogous organs
  4. Nictitating membrane and blind spot in human eye - vestigial organs
AIPMT 2008
10

Darwin's finches are a good example of –

  1. Convergent evolution
  2. Adaptive radiation
  3. Connecting link
  4. Industrial melanism
AIPMT 2008
11

Which one of the following scientist's name is correctly matched with the theory put forth by him?

  1. Mendel — Theory of pangenesis
  2. de Vries — Natural selection
  3. Pasteur — Inheritance of acquired characters
  4. Weismann — Theory of continuity of germplasm
AIPMT 2008

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