Evolution

Which of the following is not an example of convergent evolution ?

1. Fore limbs of whales and bats
2. Flippers of penguins and dolphins
3. Eyes of octopuses and mammals
4. Wings of butterflies and birds

Which of the following is not evidence for evolution?

1. Divergent evolution of anatomical structures such as forelimbs
2. Convergent evolution of traits like wings of birds and butterflies
3. Paleontological evidence from fossil records
4. Embryological support for evolution as proposed by Ernst Haeckel

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A is false but R is true
2. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
3. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
4. A is true but R is false

Sweet potato and potato represent a certain type of evolution. Select the correct combination of terms to explain the evolution.

1. Homology, convergent
2. Analogy, divergent
3. Analogy, convergent
4. Homology, divergent

The flippers of the Penguins and Dolphins are the example of the

1. Adaptive radiation
2. Natural selection
3. Convergent evolution
4. Divergent evolution

Match List I with List II: Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
2. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
3. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
4. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Which of the following statements is not true?

1. Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution
2. Sweet potato and potato are an example of analogy
3. Homology indicates common ancestry
4. Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs

Match List-I with List-II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

1. (a)-(i), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
2. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
3. (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
4. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)

Embryological support for evolution was disapproved by

1. Oparin
2. Alfred Wallace
3. Karl Ernst von Baer
4. Charles Darwin

Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of

1. Adaptive radiation
2. Natural selection
3. Industrial melanism
4. Convergent evolution

Which of the following refer to correct example(s) of organisms which have evolved due to changes in environment brought about by anthropogenic action?

1. B, C and D only
2. A only
3. A and C only
4. D only

The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of

1. homology
2. analogy
3. convergent evolution
4. adaptive radiation

Among the following sets of examples for divergent evolution, select the incorrect option.

1. Forelimbs of man, bat and cheetah
2. Heart of bat, man and cheetah
3. Brain of bat, man and cheetah
4. Eye of octopus, bat and man

Which of the following structures is homologous to the wing of a bird ?

1. Wing of a Moth
2. Dorsal fin of a Shark
3. Flipper of Whale
4. Hindlimb of Rabbit

Analogous structures are a result of :

1. Divergent evolution
2. Convergent evolution
3. Stabilizing selection
4. Shared ancestry

The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of :

1. Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
2. Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
3. Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
4. Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution

Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution ?

1. Convergent evolution Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita & Divergent evolution Eyes of octopus and mammals
2. Convergent evolution Eyes of octopus and mammals & Divergent evolution Bones of forelimbs of mammals and vertebrates
3. Convergent evolution Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita & Divergent evolution Wings of butterflies and birds
4. Convergent evolution Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates & Divergent evolution Wings of butterfly and birds

Which one of the following pairs of items correctly belongs to the category of organs mentioned against it?

1. Nephridia of earthworm and Malpighian tubules of cockroach - excretory organs
2. Wings of honey bee and wings of crow - homologous organs
3. Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita - analogous organs
4. Nictitating membrane and blind spot in human eye - vestigial organs

Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita are examples of:

1. analogous organs
2. homologous organs
3. vestigial organs
4. retrogressive evolution

When two species of different genealogy come to resemble each other as a result of adaptation, the phenomenon is termed:-

1. Microevolution
2. Convergent evolution
3. Co-evolution
4. Divergent evolution

Which one of the following statements is correct?

1. Ontogeny repeats phylogeny.
2. There is no evidence of the existence of gills during embryogenesis of mammals.
3. Stem cells are specialized cells.
4. All plant and animal cells are totipotent.

Which one of the following is not a living fossil?

1. Peripatus
2. King crab
3. Sphenodon
4. Archaeopteryx

An important evidence in favour of organic evolution is the occurrence of-

1. Homologous organs only
2. Homologous and vestigial organs
3. Homologous and analogous organs
4. Analogous and vestigial organs

Which one of the following phenomena supports Darwin's concept of natural selection in organic evolution?

1. Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects
2. Development of organs from 'stem' cells for organ transplantation
3. Production of 'Dolly', the sheep by cloning
4. Development of transgenic animals

Which of the following is the relatively most accurate method for dating of fossils?

1. Radio-carbon method
2. Uranium-lead method
3. Potassium–argon method
4. Electron-spin resonance method

Presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicates that

1. fish were amphibious in the past
2. fish evolved from frog-like ancestors
3. frog will have gills in future
4. frog evolved from gilled ancestors

Age of fossils in the past was generally determined by radio-carbon method and other methods involving radioactive elements found in the rocks. More precise methods, which were used recently and led to the revision of the evolutionary periods for different groups of organisms include -

1. Electron spin resonance (ESR) & fossil DNA
2. Study of carbohydrates/proteins in fossils
3. Study of the conditions of fossilization
4. Study of carbohydrates/proteins in rocks

Convergent evolution is illustrated by:

1. Bacterium and protozoan
2. Rat and dog
3. Dogfish and whale
4. Starfish and cuttle fish

Industrial melanism is an example of :-

1. Darkening of skin due to smoke from industries
2. Defensive adaptation of skin against ultraviolet radiations
3. Drug resistance
4. Protective resemblance with the surroundings

Which one of the following describes correctly the homologous structures ?

1. Organs with anatomical dissimilarities but performing same function
2. Organs that have no function now, but had an important function in ancestors
3. Organs with anatomical similarities, but performing different functions
4. Organs appearing only in embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult