Evolution

Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents :

1. directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction
2. stabilizing followed by disruptive as it stabilizes the population to produce higher yielding cows.
3. disruptive as it splits the population into two, one yielding higher output and the other lower output.
4. stabilizing selection as it stabilizes this character in the population.

Which of the following structures is homologous to the wing of a bird ?

1. Wing of a Moth
2. Dorsal fin of a Shark
3. Flipper of Whale
4. Hindlimb of Rabbit

Analogous structures are a result of :

1. Divergent evolution
2. Convergent evolution
3. Stabilizing selection
4. Shared ancestry

Following are the two statements regarding the origin of life - Of the above statements which one of the following options is correct ?

1. Both A and B are false
2. Both A and B are correct
3. B is correct but A is false
4. A is correct but B is false

Genetic drift operates in

1. slow reproductive population
2. large isolated population
3. non-reproductive population
4. small isolated population

In Hardy-Weinberg equation, the frequency of heterozygous individual is represented by

1. pq
2. p2
3. 2pq
4. q2

The chronological order of human evolution from early to the recent is

1. Ramapithecus Homo habilis Australopithecus Homo erectus
2. Australopithecus Ramapithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus
3. Ramapithecus Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus
4. Australopithecus Homo habilis Ramapithecus Homo erectus

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life ? I. Formation of protobionts II. Synthesis of organic monomers III. Synthesis of organic polymers IV. Formation of DNA-based genetic systems

1. II, III, I, IV
2. II, III, IV, I
3. I, II, III, IV
4. I, III, II, IV

According to Darwin, the organic evolution is due to -

1. Reduced feeding efficiency in one species due to the presence of interfering species
2. Competition within closely related species
3. Intraspecific competition
4. Interspecific competition

The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by :

1. lack of random mating
2. random mating
3. lack of migration
4. lack of mutations

Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur by chance rather than by natural selection. This is referred to as :

1. Genetic drift
2. Genetic load
3. Genetic flow
4. Random mating

The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge is called :

1. Convergent evolution
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Natural selection
4. Non-random evolution

The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of :

1. Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
2. Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
3. Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
4. Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution

Random unidirectional change in allele frequencies that occurs by chance in all populations and especially in small populations is known as :-

1. Genetic drift
2. Migration
3. Mutation
4. Natural selection

Genetic variation in a population arises due to :

1. Reproductive isolation and selection
2. Mutations only
3. Mutations as well as recombination
4. Recombination only

Dinosaurs dominated the World in which of the following geological era ?

1. Jurassic
2. Devonian
3. Coenozoic
4. Mesozoic

The finch species of Galapagos Islands are grouped according to their food sources. Which of the following is not a finch food ?

1. Insects
2. Carrion
3. Tree buds
4. Seeds

The idea of mutations was brought forth by :

1. Charles Darwin, who observed a wide variety of organisms during sea voyage
2. Hugo de Vries, who worked on evening primrose
3. Gregor Mendel, who worked on Pisum sativum
4. Hardy and Weinberg, who worked on allele frequencies in a population

Evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and spreading to other geographical areas is known as

1. Divergent evolution
2. Natural selection
3. Migration
4. Adaptive radiation

Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution ?

1. Convergent evolution Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita & Divergent evolution Eyes of octopus and mammals
2. Convergent evolution Eyes of octopus and mammals & Divergent evolution Bones of forelimbs of mammals and vertebrates
3. Convergent evolution Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita & Divergent evolution Wings of butterflies and birds
4. Convergent evolution Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates & Divergent evolution Wings of butterfly and birds

What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man ( Homo sapiens) from his ancestors ?

1. Upright posture
2. Increasing cranial capacity
3. Shortening of jaws
4. Binocular vision

The extinct human who lived 1,00,000 to 40,000 years ago, in Europe, Asia and parts of Africa, with short stature, heavy eyebrows, retreating foreheads, large jaws with heavy teeth, stocky bodies, a lumbering gait and stooped posture was :

1. Neanderthal human
2. Homo habilis
3. Cro-Magnon humans
4. Ramapithecus

What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man ( Homo sapiens) from his ancestors ?

1. Upright posture
2. Shortening of jaws
3. Binocular vision
4. Increasing cranial capacity

Given below are four statements (A-D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements.

1. C - (i) vestigial, (ii) anatomical, D - (i) mutations, (ii) multiplication
2. D - (i) small variations, (ii) survival, A - (i) convergent
3. A - (i) convergent, B - (i) oxygen, (ii) nucleosides
4. B - (i) water vapour, (ii) amino acids, C - (i) rudimentary, (ii) anatomical

The most apparent changes during the evolutionary history of Homo sapiens are traced in

1. Remarkable increase in the brain size
2. Walking upright
3. Loss of body hair
4. Shortening of the jaws

Darwin's finches are a good example of –

1. Convergent evolution
2. Connecting link
3. Industrial melanism
4. Adaptive radiation

In the case of peppered moth ( Biston betularia) the black-coloured form became dominant over the light-coloured form in England during industrial revolution. This is an example of -

1. Natural selection whereby the darker forms were selected
2. Protective mimicry
3. Inheritance of darker colour character acquired due to the darker environment
4. Appearance of the darker coloured individuals due to very poor sunlight

Which one of the following pairs of items correctly belongs to the category of organs mentioned against it?

1. Nephridia of earthworm and Malpighian tubules of cockroach - excretory organs
2. Wings of honey bee and wings of crow - homologous organs
3. Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita - analogous organs
4. Nictitating membrane and blind spot in human eye - vestigial organs

Darwin's finches are a good example of –

1. Convergent evolution
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Connecting link
4. Industrial melanism

Which one of the following scientist's name is correctly matched with the theory put forth by him?

1. Mendel — Theory of pangenesis
2. de Vries — Natural selection
3. Pasteur — Inheritance of acquired characters
4. Weismann — Theory of continuity of germplasm