Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest, is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents (A-D) in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector / vectors –

1. B and D only
2. A and C only
3. A, B and D only
4. A only

Which one of the following palindromic base sequences in DNA can be easily cut at about the middle by some particular restriction enzyme?

1. 5′ —— CGTTCG —— 3′ 3′ —— ATGGTA —— 5′
2. 5′ —— GAATTC —— 3′ 3′ —— CTTAAG —— 5′
3. 5′ —— CACGTA —— 3′ 3′ —— CTCAGT —— 5′
4. 5′ —— GATATG —— 3′ 3′ —— CTACTA —— 5′

Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms ?

1. Retrovirus
2. Salmonella typhimurium
3. Rhizopus nigricans
4. Baculovirus

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which –

1. recognize a specific nucleotide sequence for binding of DNA ligase
2. remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA molecule
3. restrict the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase
4. make cuts at specific positions within the DNA molecule

Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for –

1. Purification of the product
2. Availability of oxygen throughout the process
3. Ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel
4. Addition of preservatives to the product

Which of the following are used in gene cloning ?

1. Mesosomes
2. Nucleoids
3. Lomasomes
4. Plasmids

Polyethylene glycol method is used for:

1. Biodiesel production
2. Seedless fruit production
3. Energy production from sewage
4. Gene transfer without a vector

Which one of the following is commonly used in transfer of foreign DNA into crop plants?

1. Trichoderma harzianum
2. Meloidogyne incognita
3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
4. Penicillium expansum

Gel electrophoresis is used for:

1. cutting of DNA into fragments
2. separation of DNA fragments according to their size
3. construction of recombinant DNA by joining with cloning vectors
4. isolation of DNA molecule

The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with:

1. Exonucleases
2. Endonucleases
3. DNA ligase
4. DNA polymerase

A genetically engineered micro-organism used successfully in bioremediation of oil spills is a species of-

1. Trichoderma
2. Xanthomonas
3. Bacillus
4. Pseudomonas

Restriction endonuclease -

1. Cuts the DNA molecule at specific sites
2. Synthesizes DNA
3. Restricts the synthesis of DNA inside the nucleus
4. Cuts the DNA molecule randomly

Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic engineering are-

1. Diplococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.
2. Vibrio cholerae and a tailed bacteriophage
3. Crown gall bacterium and Caenorhabditis elegans
4. Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Which one of the following hydrolyses internal phosphodiester bonds in a polynucleotide chain?

1. Protease
2. Endonuclease
3. Lipase
4. Exonuclease

The most thoroughly studied of the known bacteria-plant interactions is the :-

1. Nodulation of Sesbania stems by nitrogen fixing bacteria
2. Cyanobacterial symbiosis with some aquatic ferns
3. Plant growth stimulation by phosphate-solubilising bacteria
4. Gall formation on certain angiosperms by Agrobacterium

Restriction endonucleases :-

1. Are used for in vitro DNA synthesis
2. Are present in mammalian cells for degradation of DNA when the cell dies
3. Are synthesized by bacteria as part of their defense mechanism
4. Are used in genetic engineering for ligating two DNA molecules

In transgenics expression of transgene in target tissue is determined by :-

1. Enhancer
2. Promoter
3. Reporter
4. Transgene

The Ti plasmid is often used for making transgenic plants. This plasmid is found in

1. Agrobacterium
2. Rhizobium of the roots of leguminous plants
3. Azotobacter
4. Yeast as a 2 plasmid

Which one of the following bacteria has found extensive use in genetic engineering work in plants ?

1. Xanthomonas citri
2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
3. Bacillus coagulans
4. Clostridium septicum

Which of the following enzymes are used to join bits of DNA ?

1. Endonuclease
2. DNA polymerase
3. Ligase
4. Primase

Manipulation of DNA in genetic engineering became possible due to the discovery of : -

1. Transcriptase
2. DNA ligase
3. Primase
4. Restriction endonuclease

Which of the following cuts the DNA from specific places?

1. Exonuclease
2. Alkaline phosphatase
3. E. coli restriction endonuclease I
4. Ligase

Maximum number of bases in plasmids discovered so far:

1. 500 kilobases
2. 5 kilobases
3. 50 kilobases
4. 5000 kilobases

The bacteria generally used for genetic engineering is:

1. Clostridium
2. Pseudomonas
3. Agrobacterium
4. Bacillus

Plasmid has been used as vector because:

1. Both ends show replication
2. It has antibiotic resistance gene
3. It is circular DNA which has capacity to join to eukaryotic DNA
4. It can move between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells